Pears R and Shields G, Cite Them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide (11th edn, MacMillan 2019). Richard Pears and Graham Shields, Cite Them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide (11th edn, MacMillan 2019).
How to properly cite sources if youre already wuoting them manual#
Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, current edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).OSCOLA referencing, used in law, uses footnotes in the text with source information, and an alphabetical bibliography at the end in longer texts. USE THE FOLLOWING CITATION STYLE AND APPLY IT CONSISTENTLY IN YOUR WORK Paraphrase when you want to restate a passage so that it is easier to understand or fits more smoothly into your paper summarize whenever you can save space by condensing a passage (or in some cases, an entire work). When you summarize, you may find it useful to retain a key phrase from your source, but if you do so, put quotation marks around the words in question. Summarizing enables writers to report the work of others without getting bogged down in unnecessary detail. Paraphrase whenever doing so will make your sources clearer or your paper flow more smoothly quote when you want to retain the beauty or clarity of someone else’s words.Ī summary is a concise restatement (shorter than the original source). As a general rule, begin paraphrases with a phrase that indicates you are about to restate another writer’s words, e.g., “Moffatt argued that. If you simply change a few words in a passage, you have not adequately restated it. Your restatement of someone else’s words should honor two important principles: your version should be almost entirely in your own words, and your words should accurately convey the content of the original passage.
The most common reason for paraphrasing is to restate difficult material more simply. Paraphrasing enables you to demonstrate that you have understood your reading it also enables you to help your audience (your course assessor!) understand the results of your reading. Pay close attention to form, punctuation, and spacing.Ī paraphrase is a restatement of a source in about the same number of words. Direct quotations must be accurate in all details. Select quotations only if they are important and make them an integral part of your text. If you are in doubt about whether you need to cite a source, the best policy is to cite it.Ī quotation should contribute an idea to your paper. After you have done a good deal of reading about a given subject, you will be able to distinguish between common knowledge in that field and the distinctive ideas or interpretations of specific writers.
Words or ideas taken from other writers should not be distorted in any way, and credit should be given whenever appropriate.įailure to cite a source, deliberately or accidentally, is plagiarism - presenting as your own work the words or ideas of another. Whatever option you choose, make sure that you use resources responsibly. You may quote their exact words, paraphrase them, or summarize them. You have several options for including material from other writers. The distinctive feature of a research assignment is that it requires you to develop a subject in depth by drawing upon outside sources and acknowledging these sources responsibly. Writing a research paper usually takes much more time than writing an essay based on what you already know.